The Bible presents a deep and complex dialogue about sin, consequences, and spiritual death. Romans 6:23 states, "For the wages of sin is death..." while Genesis 2:17 declares, "But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die." A glaring philosophical issue emerges when we compare these verses: Adam and Eve did not physically die upon eating the fruit, challenging the straightforward notion that “sin” results in immediate physical death or “eternal death.” Instead, their "death" appears to be a death of understanding, aligning with Isaiah 44:18, "...he hath shut their eyes, that they cannot see; and their hearts, that they cannot understand." The “opening of their eyes” was in fact the “closing of their eyes.”

The Nature of Death in Eden

If Adam and Eve’s death was not a physical cessation of life, then what kind of death did they suffer? The text suggests an intellectual and spiritual demise—a blindness of mind and heart. Their eyes were opened (Genesis 3:7), but rather than gaining enlightenment, they perceived their own nakedness (figurative) and felt shame (philosophical). This aligns with Isaiah 44:18, which describes a condition where people are rendered incapable of understanding due to their spiritual impairment.

This interpretation raises a significant challenge to Paul’s assertion in Romans 6:23. If the wages of sin were strictly death, and especially the death of some aspect of self in some weird extraterrestrial “afterlife,” as Paul asserts, then the immediate consequence in Eden should have been death to all aspects of the pair in Eden, which “death” the text does not mention because that is not the mindset behind it. Yet, Adam lived for 930 years (Genesis 5:5). The logical dissonance between Paul’s assertion and the Bible’s narrative suggests that Paul was propagating a prospective theological theory that diverges from the Bible’s original philosophy and account.

Paul’s Theological Deviation from the Hebrew Bible

Ezekiel 18:20 states, "The soul that sinneth, it shall die. The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father..." This passage directly refutes the concept of inherited sin and collective guilt. If Adam and Eve's transgression resulted in spiritual blindness rather than immediate death, then Paul's doctrine of sin leading to universal death appears to be a theological extrapolation rather than a point stating or continuing the Bible’s philosophy.

Paul’s framing of sin and death seems to pivot towards a transactional model of atonement rather than the Hebrew Bible’s focus on personal accountability. Ezekiel makes it clear that one person’s sin does not transfer to another, yet Paul argues for a universal condemnation through Adam’s sin (Romans 5:12). This universal condemnation is nowhere found within the text from Genesis to Malachi. This raises the question: Was Paul redefining biblical justice to fit his theological framework?

The Implications of Paul’s Perspective

Paul’s teaching in Romans shapes much of Christian theory, particularly regarding its perspective on salvation and the necessity of its Christ’s sacrifice. However, if the Bible itself does not establish death as an automatic consequence of sin (whether immediately occurring in the here and now or occurring later beyond the here and now) in the way Paul presents it, then his argument may be built on a theological innovation rather than biblical continuity.

If sin led to intellectual death (and it only did) in Eden rather than physical death, Paul’s statement in Romans 6:23 must be understood either metaphorically or theoretically rather than actually or literally. This perspective fundamentally alters the way the Bible philosophically defines atonement and devotional justice. If the fate of Adam and Eve was a loss of spiritual clarity rather than biological termination (and it was), then Paul’s doctrine of inherited sin and universal condemnation, because it is contrary to the Bible’s narrative and philosophical scope, requires re-examination.

A Divergence

The juxtaposition of Genesis 2:17, Isaiah 44:18, and Ezekiel 18 with Paul’s Romans 6:23 highlights a significant philosophical divergence. While Genesis and Ezekiel emphasize personal responsibility and the consequences of error as a loss of understanding, Paul constructs a universalized doctrine of sin and death that deviates from the Hebrew Bible’s narrative. This raises serious questions: Was Paul reshaping theology to fit a new religious framework? And if so, what are the implications for contemporary Christian thought?

A logical inquiry into Paul’s belief shows that his theology presents a deviation from the biblical text rather than a direct continuation of its teachings. The philosophical issue, then, is whether modern Christian theology should align with Paul’s doctrine, or return to the original biblical perspective on sin and its consequences.

In the Bible, Isaiah 40:8 declares, “The word of our God shall stand forever,” implying that the divine message is eternal. Yet, when Isaiah 1:6 states, “From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises, and putrifying sores,” attention shifts to the spiritual state of a body, not the natural body, but rather a religious body. This passage reveals a deeper symbolism, inviting us to examine our spiritual health in relation to the Bible’s devotional character.

Exposing the Spiritual Illness of the Priesthood

The author of Isaiah isn't critiquing a literal body, but instead the condition of the priesthood. This is evident when Isaiah says, “A people laden with iniquity, a seed of evildoers,” (Isaiah 1:4) and that “the whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint,” (Isaiah 1:5). The text addresses the spiritual leaders, as shown in Isaiah 1:10: “Hear the word of the LORD, ye rulers of Sodom.” The true focus here is on how the error within the priesthood has led to a disconnection with the intended experience within the scriptures.

The error committed by the priesthood is not merely human frailty but represents a corruption of the devotional experience itself. This is further emphasized in Isaiah 59:12-14, which acknowledges the priesthood’s transgressions: “Our transgressions are with us; in transgressing and lying against the LORD, speaking oppression and revolt, conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood.”

These words expose a priesthood that strayed from the scriptures, crafting their own laws instead of following the already existing philosophy within the Bible. The deviation is summarized in Isaiah 29:13: “This people draw near me with their mouth, and with their lips do honour me, but have removed their heart far from me, and their fear toward me is taught by the precept of men.” The priesthood’s reliance on handwritten religious laws, crafted from out of their own heart, diverges from the true spirit of the scriptures.

The Strength of Sin: A Religious Crisis

This abuse of religious authority, rooted in the manipulation of religious law, underscores a deeper spiritual illness. The priests, by enforcing man-made doctrines, betray their role as caretakers of the faith. Isaiah reveals this flaw by comparing the priesthood to Sodom and Gomorrah, a symbol of ultimate moral and spiritual decay. Through the lens of scripture, the priesthood is described as sick, bruised, wounded, and untreated. Their error is not just personal but systemic, condemning the entire body of belief they claim to uphold.

This error is further affirmed in the New Testament: “The strength of sin is the law,” (1 Corinthians 15:16). The priesthood’s obsession with justification through religious law is condemned, mirroring the principle in Romans 3:20: “By the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight.” The laws created by the priesthood foster oppression and falsehood, further distancing their audiences from the heart of the scriptures.

Healing Through Reason and Devotion

Amidst this spiritual decay, the author of Isaiah offers a path to restoration—not through rigid adherence to religious law, but through reason and devotional clarity. Isaiah 1:17-18 urges a turn towards reason: “Learn to do well… Come now, and let us reason together...” Here, the Bible advocates for growth and development through reasoned thought rather than blind obedience to dogma. This principle is reinforced in Ecclesiastes 7:25: “I applied mine heart to know, and to search, and to seek out wisdom, and the reason of things.”

This shift from rigid religious law to reason invites believers to approach their faith with introspection and critical thought. The priesthood, with its laws and inventions, is likened to Sodom and Gomorrah, corrupting the devotional conversation by prioritizing human-made doctrines over Bible knowledge.

The Eternal Warning for Modern Believers

The condemnation of the ancient priesthood extends to our modern-day religious leaders. If the scriptures are eternal, so too is the warning. The handwritten religions of today risk carrying the same errors of the past, fostering a body of belief that is sick, bruised, and wounded. In inheriting these doctrines, modern believers are exposed to the same spiritual dangers and condemnations.

As every religious conversation is born within this world of human error, the concept of “sin” persists, as Ecclesiastes 7:20 reminds us: “There is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not.” In this context, the "earth" refers to the religious world, where sin—defined by the legalistic grip of the religious law—dominates. Our natural inclination to “believe” is shaped by the religious structures we inherit, structures that often obscure the true essence of devotional purity.

A Call to Devotional Authenticity

Isaiah’s message is one of healing, but healing requires acknowledgment of illness. Just as the prophet Isaiah declared, “I am undone” (Isaiah 6:5), we too must recognize the ways in which our own devotional practices may be influenced by religious systems that have lost their way. True health, both spiritually and devotionally, comes from breaking away from man-made doctrines and embracing the intended experience and philosophy within the scriptures.

This call to reason and authenticity is the key to transcending the “cave” of religious falsehood, allowing believers to reclaim their devotional conversation in its purest form.

Did Adam’s Sin Bring Death? Rethinking Paul’s Theology vs. the Hebrew Bible